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革命与改革:对社会、政治变革的研究

【作者简介】
朱毓朝,加拿大里贾纳大学政治系副教授。
【注释】“A revolution is a rapid ,fundamental,and violent domesticchange in the dominant values and myths of a society,in its politicalinstitutions,social structure ,leadership ,and government activitiesand policies.Revolution are thus to be distinguished from insurrections,revolts ,coups and wars of independence.”Samuel Huntington ,1968,264.
“Social revolution ”can be defined as “rapid ,basic transformationsof a society‘s state and class structures,accompanied and in part accomplishedthrough popular revolts from below.”Theda Skocpol ,1979,4.
“Revolutions are the festivals of the oppressed and the exploited.At no other time are the masses of the people in a position to come forwardso actively as creators of a new social order.”Lenin
“Revolutions are not made,they come.A revolution is as naturalas a growth as an oak.It comes out of the past.Its foundations are laidfar back……”Wendell Phillips
有关革命研究的最完整的工具书是Goldstone ,(1988)(Ed.),TheEncyclopedia of Political Revolutions.这本“政治革命百科全书”包括了重要的革命事件介绍,与革命相关的重要的历史人物、重要的意识形态观点以及文献和研究成果。
列宁在著名的“怎么办”和“国家与革命”中建立了自己的革命知识分子领导的无产阶级先锋队党创造共产主义革命条件的重要学说。这是革命在具体实践中被当作历史进步的工具来对待的开始,也代表了列宁对马克思的革命学说的重大修正。参见Dunn,1989,pp.10-11.
勒庞的著作的中文译本,参见革命心理学,贵州人民出版社,2005.
【参考文献】[1] Burke ,Edmund (2003)Reflections on the Revolution in France,Frank.M.Turner(Ed.),London :Yale University Press. 
[2] Chaliand,Gerard (1977),Revolution in the Third World:mythsand Prospects.London UK:Harvester Press. 
[3] Chaliand,Gerard (1990),Historical Precedents.In Barry M.SchutzRobert O.Slater(Ed.),Revolution and Political Change in the ThirdWorld.Boulder Co :Lynner Rienner Publishers.
[4] Davis ,J.C.(1962),Toward a Theory of Revolution.American SociologicalReview,27,5-19.
[5] Dunn,John (1989),Modern Revolutions-An Introduction to the Analysisof a Political Phenomenon 2nd edition.Cambridge UK :Cambridge UniversityPress. 
[6] Eisenstadt,S.N.(1999),Fundamentalism ,Sectarianism ,andRevolution:the Jacobin Dimension of Modernity.New York :CambridgeUniversity Press.
[7] Foran ,John (1993)(Ed.),Theorizing Revolutions.New York:Routledge.
[8] Goldstone ,Jack A.(1998),(Ed.),The Encyclopedia of PoliticalRevolutions.Washington DC:Congressional Quarterly Inc. 
[9] Goldstone ,Jack A.(2003)(Ed.),Revolutions:Theoretical,Comparative ,and Historical Studies.Belmont CA :Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning. 
[10] Goldstone ,Jack (2003),The English Revolution :A Structrual-DemographicApproach.In Jack Goldstone (Ed.),Revolutions:Theoretical,Comparative,and Historical Studies(pp.157-170)。Belmont CA :Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning. 
[11] Goodwin ,Jeff (1993),“State-Centered Approaches to Social Revolutions,”In John Foran (Ed.),Theorizing Revolutions (pp.11-37)。New York:Routledge. 
[12] Goodwin ,Jeff (2003),“The East European Revolution of 1989,”in Jack Goldstone (Ed.),Revolutions:Theoretical,Comparative,and Historical Studies(pp.255-261)。Belmont CA :Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning.
[13] Gurr,Ted(1970),Why Men Rebel.Princeton NJ:Princeton UniversityPress.
[14] Huntington,Samuel (1968),Political Order in Changing Societies.New Haven CT:Yale University Press.
[15] Johnson ,Charlmers(1966),Revolutionary Change.Boston :LittleBrown.
[16] Kelley,Jonathan ,Klein,Kelley (1977),Revolution and theRebirth of Inequality :Stratification in Postrevolutionary Society.American Journal of Sociology ,38(1),78-90. 
[17] Lachmann,Richard(1993),Agents of Revolution-elite conflictsand mass mobilization from the Medici to Yeltsin,In John Foran,(Ed.),Theorizing Revolutions(pp.73-101)。New York :Routledge. 
[18] Lipset,Semour Martin(1990),Continental Divide –the values andinstitutions of the United States and Canada.New York:Routledge. 
[19] Markoff ,John (2003),The French Revolution:The Abolition ofFeudalism ,“In Jack Goldstone (Ed.),Revolutions:Theoretical,Comparative ,and Historical Studies (pp.171-177)。Belmont CA :Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning. 
[20] McDaniel,Tim(2003),The Russian Revolution of 1917:Autocracyand Modernization.In Jack Goldstone(Ed.),Revolutions:Theoretical,Comparative ,and Historical Studies (pp.183-190)。Belmont CA :Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning.
[21] Moore ,Barriton (1966),The Social Origins of Dictatorship andDemocracy.Boston :Beacon.
[22] Nolan ,Peter(1995),China''s Rise ,Russia''s Fall:Politics ,Economics and Planning in the Transition from Stalinism.London :PalgraveMacmillan. 
[23] Schutz,Barry M.Slater,Robert O.(1990)(Ed.),Revolutionand Political Change in the Third World.Boulder CO :Lynner RiennerPublishers. 
[24] Pei ,Minxin (2006),China‘s Trapped Transition-the limits ofdevelopmental autocracy ,Cambridge MA :Harvard University Press. 
[25] Selden,Mark (2003),The Chinese Communist Revolution.In JackGoldstone (Ed.),Revolutions:Theoretical,Comparative,and HistoricalStudies (pp.191-201)。Belmont CA :Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
[26] Skocpol ,Theda(1979),States and Social Revolutions.CambridgeUK:Cambridge University Press.
[27] Smith ,Anthony D.(1998),Nationalism and Modernism.New York:Routledge.
[28] Smesler ,J.(1963)Theory of Collective Behavior.Boston:FreePress.
[29] Tilly ,Charles(1978),From Mobilization to Revolution.MA:Addison-Wesley.
[30] Wickhan-Crowley ,Timothy P.(1993),Structural Theories of Revolution,In John Foran (Ed.),Theorizing Revolutions (pp.38-72)。New York:Routledge. 
[31] Wood,Gordon (2003),“The American Revolution :The Radicalismof Revolution ,”in Jack Goldstone (Ed.),Revolutions:Theoretical,Comparative ,and Historical Studies (pp.171-181)。Belmont CA :Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning.


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