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对马海峡韩国侧法律制度与实践概述

  Besides Korea Strait, there being only other significant strait on the international law is the Cheju Strait off the Korean southern coast, which is approximately half as wide as the Korea Strait Western Channel. If the Korean current straight baselines were combined with the 12-mile limit of the territorial sea of the Cheju Island, the Cheju Strait would be closed and becomes a territorial strait. In the 1960s and 1970s during the negotiation between Korea and Japan, Korea refused the suggestion by USA and Japan that Korea had better reserve a high sea corridor through the Cheju Strait. Albeit, geographically concurring, an alternate high sea route lies south of Cheju Island. So, Korea can apply both innocent passage and prior notice requirement to the foreign governmental ships passing, which is the same as the situation in Korea Strait. So there is no such kind of strait fulfilling the exception along the Korean coast and the prior notice is an absolute system.
  The problem is how to justify this requirement on public international law. The only one ground is the 1956 International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Law of the Sea prepared for the 1958 Conference on the Law of the Sea in Geneva, provided: The coastal State may make the passage of warships through the territorial sea subject to previous authorization or notification. Normally it shall grant innocent passage subject to the observance of the provisions of Articles 17 and 18. But it was not adopted for lack of majority. The 1982 Convention did not explicitly make any reference to the prior notice to or prior authorization from the costal state on passage, either, because NATO and Warsaw blocs deny it. And this can demonstrate the reason why Korea give such seemingly exaggerated convenience in its maritime claim in Korea Strait to the Super Power Soviet Union, which is one of the only two countries with coastal lines in Warsaw blocs and the fundamental representative of the blocs’ opinion in any international affair. Although the era period has passed, the military balance and security requirement in the Far East has not fundamentally changed, resulting in the stability of this kind of claim.


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