我们可以将著作权法视为对作者的激励和向公众接近间的平衡。激励与接近之间平衡始终是协调著作权利益的杠杆。特别是在当代著作权不断扩张时,更大的著作权保护使消费者和使用作品的其他作者接近这种作品的成本更大。无论是在作者和公众之间或者是在作者与后续的作者之间平衡,著作权法更需要关注到在接近的基础上实现对作品创作、传播、使用的平衡保护问题。
【作者简介】
冯晓青,中国政法大学教授。
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在
著作权法中,传播者也应分享因传播作品而产生的利益。如表演者权、音像制作者权的赋予就是如此。不过,这些权利都源于著作权。
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美国1976年《
著作权法》之前,著作权保护的条件之一是出版。这体现了立法对保障公众接近的关注。当然,现代社会公众接近作品不一定限于出版。何况通过设立首次出版的权利完全可以解决未出版作品作者利益的问题。在美国,将未出版的作品引进到1976年《
著作权法》中,没有影响著作权限制中的公共利益。
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