我国目前尚无完备的行政程序法律,政府规制制度也处于形成过程之中。我国规制机构也在规制制度和规制程序方面做了很多有益的尝试。例如中国证监会即于2006年10月,在“查审分离”的基础上,借鉴成熟市场经济国家的行政法官制度,率先在规制机构内部设立专门的行政处罚委员会,以从事案件的审理工作,并进一步规范证券行政处罚程序;卫生部、环境保护部、国家质检总局等部门也在探索规制成本收益分析程序、风险评估程序;证监会、保监会、银监会、电监会在引入契约规制、信息披露、行业禁入等新型规制手段时,也在着力从实体和程序角度规范这些举措。
在未来,我国应进一步借鉴国外独立规制机构运行程序方面的经验,完善我国规制机构的内部运行程序,健全信息公开制度,完善公众参与机制,引入规制影响评估制度。并结合不同规制机构的不同特色,设定不同的规制手段和规制程序,让规制机构制定政策和规则,作出不利决定时,都置于程序法律制度的卫护之下。
【作者简介】
宋华琳,南开大学法学院副教授,法学博士。
【注释】本研究得到教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“英美法系与西方法制文明研究” 课题(项目批准号:06JJD820014)的资助。
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