不过,在社会研究的某些语境中,关于共在于某一时空中的种种社会要素构成的未分化集合体的思想可能是有用的,甚至是必不可少的。这一思想通过文化的概念得到了便利的表达。在对相对特定的社会语境的研究中,要临时性地囊括那个包容国家法律运作的整个语境化本体,法律文化的概念可能也是有用的。
更一般来说,文化一词可能适于而且有必要用作指称这样一些社会现象的群集:人们并不清楚它们相互之间的精确关系,但是它们作为集合整体的重要性却是清楚的,而且是需要加以强调的。通过这种方式,就或许可能对信仰、价值、认识与实践的复杂网络的特征加以刻画。而借用了描述性人类学方法的社会学研究同样可以恰当地寻求对它加以描述,这也许是一些更加具体的研究的开端,这些研究旨在探究法律原则和使法律原则得以制度化的实践所具有的意识形态意义。
【注释】作者单位:英国伦敦大学玛丽皇后与韦斯特菲尔德学院 法学理论教授 K. Zweigert and H. K?tz, An Introduction to Comparative Law, vol. 1, 2nd edn, trans. T. Weir, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987, p. 2. 参见,例如:K. Zweigert and H. K?tz, supra note 1, ch. 5; R. David, and J. E. C. Brierley, Major Legal Systems in the World Today, 3rd edn, London: Stevens, 1985, pp. 17~22. 参见L. M. Friedman, The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975, p. 201. 参见M. R. Damaska, The Faces of Justice and State Authority: A Comparative Approach to the Legal Process, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986, pp. 6~7. 参见J. Hall, Comparative Law and Social Theory, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, pp. 10~15; R. David, and J. E. C. Brierley, supra note 2, p. 13. J. Hall, supra note 5, ch. 2. L. M. Friedman, supra note 3, p. 193. Id. p. 194. Id. p. 15. L. M. Friedman, Law and Society: An Introduction, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977, p. 76. L. M. Friedman, “Legal Culture and the Welfare State”, in G. Teubner, ed., Dilemmas of Law in the Welfare State, Berlin: de Gruyter, 1986, pp. 13~27, at 17. L. M. Friedman, The Republic of Choice: Law, Authority and Culture, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990, p. 213; 又见L. M. Friedman, Total Justice, Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 1985, p. 31; L. M. Friedman, “Is There a Modern Legal Culture?” Ratio Juris, vol. 7, 1994, pp. 117~131, at 118. L. M. Friedman, supra note 12, pp. 212, 213. L. M. Friedman, supra note 3, p. 209. * 原文为:“the contingent, even arbitrary, patterning produced by many specific, diverse and possibly unrelated factors.”疑有误。——译者注 L. M. Friedman, supra note 12, p. 196. Id. p. 197. C. Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, New York: Basic Books, 1973, pp. 4~5. L. M. Friedman, supra note 3, p. 204; 参见L. M. Friedman, supra note 12, p. 120. L. M. Friedman, supra note 3, p. 209. Id. p. 15. Id. p. 199. Id. p. 204ff; L. M. Friedman, supra note 12. L. M. Friedman, supra note 12, pp. 198~199; L. M. Friedman, supra note 3, p. 220. L. M. Friedman, supra note 12, p. 213. Id. p. 213. Id. p. 120.
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