浅析防卫过当
乔铁军
【摘要】防卫过当是指防卫行为明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的应当负刑事责任，但防卫过当是一种轻微的犯罪行为，它符合犯罪构成的一般原理，即犯罪构成的几个要件主体、客体、主观方面和客观方面，防卫过当的主体是具有刑事责任能力的单个公民，客体是不法侵害人的人身权利，即不法侵害人依法受
刑法保护的生命劝和健康权，主观方面是防卫人对过当结果持放任疏忽大意过于自信的态度，客观方面是防卫行为明显超过了制止不法侵害行为所必须的限度，并且造成了重大损害。《
刑法》第
20条没有对“明显超过必要限度”作出界定，造成在法学界对如何界定防卫过当提出了许多观点，随着社会的进步，法学界又对防卫过当与正当防卫的关系提出了新的观点，最后关于防卫过当的刑事责任，防卫过当构成犯罪，应当承担刑事责任，但应减轻或者免除处罚，这也是鼓励公民，勇于同不法侵害者作斗争，对维护社会秩序具有积极的作用。
Abstract：Defends has considered refers to the defense behavior obviously to surpass the essential limit to create the significant harm to have to take the legal responsibility, but defends has considered one kind of slight criminality, it conforms to the crime constitution general principle, namely the crime constitution several important documents main body, the object, the subjective aspect and the objective aspect, have defended when the main body is the single citizen which has the legal responsibility ability, the object illegally violates human''s personal rights, namely illegally violates the human to receive the criminal law protection the life to urge legally with the healthy power, the subjective aspect is defends the human to when the result holds the laissez faire careless too self-confident manner, The objective aspect was defends the behavior obviously to surpass stopped the illegal violation behavior to have the limit, and has created the significant harm. "Criminal law" 20th obviously has notsurpassed essential limit "to" to make the limits, how creates to limits in the legal science has defended when proposed many viewpoints, along with society''s progress, the legal science to have defended when proposed with the justifiable defense relations the new viewpoint, finally about has defended works as the legal responsibility, defends has worked as the constitution crime, must undertake the legal responsibility, but should reduce or avoid the punishment, this also encourages the citizen, dares to wage the struggle with the illegal violation, to maintains the social order to have the positive function.
