限制与平衡：法社会学视野下的权利与权力的对话(一)
Limit and balance : Dialogue with power and right under the vision of law sociology science
征汉年
【摘要】Right and power , is the right backbone of the human social system of the framework. In the sociology vision of law science, power is a politics and laws concept , speaking from the origin, power is the result that social history developed into certain stage, power is raw for right, designed for right. Right , power connection , interdependence. The right and power not only connect distinguish each other , it is the relation of the unity of opposites each other but also. Establish the benign operation of the two, must utilize its antagonism , give play to its unity. France sociology care right connection with power distinguishes , pay close attention to the fact the study on power and right phenomenon not merely. We find in social actual life , it is violated that the right and power often present the function. Power and right are set against and moved towards the balance and unity, is the inevitable outcome of democratic politics development.
【关键词】Right;Power;Law sociology;Balance
【全文】
我们在解析权利现象时，会发现有一个与权利关联的概念──权力。权利与权力，是构架人类社会制度之权脊梁。权力作为一种社会控制力量，存在于一切社会形态之中，作为人类社会普遍存在的一种现象。权利与权力相互联系、相互依存。社会契约理论认为，人生而享有权利，在社会生活中，人们在追求利益时难免发生冲突，为保护和实现自己的权利，也为了社会的安全与和谐，人们自愿放弃、转让部分权利交给第三者，由他来评判，由他来组织管理社会事务。这就是权力最初的雏形。后来，这个第三者就成了国家。由此可见，一方面，权力产生于权利，无权利做基础，权力无从产生；另一方面，权利的实现离不开权力的保障，人们设定权力的目的就是为了让掌权者更好的维护权利，为权利伸张正义。此外，同一主体可能同时拥有权利和权力，如国家公务员既拥有国家授予他们的权力（职权），又享有作为普通公民应享有的一切权利。按照马克思主义经典作家的理论逻辑，二者之间的正确关系应是：先有权利，后有权力，权利先于国家而产生，然后再由国家权力来保护。
