美国有“陪”审制度吗?——“Jury”的确切含义与翻译探究
Dose the Word Jury mean judge accompanying someone In the USA.?——confirm the exact meaning of Jury
陈盛
【摘要】笔者认为对西方司法制度“Jury” 翻译为“陪”审严重有误,应当直接译为“裁判团”。文章基于1787美国联邦
宪法及其第五、第六、第七修正案中的“Jury”条款,分别进行规范性文本分析,以证实“Jury”审判权的真实含义。科学、清晰看待“Jury”,它有三个特点:一是属于“同辈审理”;二是法官在庭审当中,是个主持人角色,决定由“Juror”集体作出;三是“Juror”是随机选出的,“Jury”是临时组成的。因此,“Jury”完全应该理解为:“临时性公民裁判团”,翻译为“裁判团”。
It is wrong to translate the word Jury,The judicial system of the West, into the meaning of judge accompanying someone, which should be translated into the word “裁判团”.According to the provision relating to the system of Jury of the fifth, sixth, seventh amendment to the 1787 constitution of the United States, give a analysis of the text separately, confirm the exact meaning of Jury. There three features of Jury, one is judge by peers, the other is the judge in the court plays the role of host, and the decision is made together, another is Juror is selected random. So it can be conclude that the word Jury must be regard as the temporary group of citizens, or translated into “裁判团” for short.
【关键词】陪审;翻译问题;同辈审理;集体决定;随机遴选;裁判团
Jury, translating problem, trial by peers, decide together, select randomly, group of judge
【全文】
我们国家的人民陪审制(确切地讲是“参审制”),在我国司法实践的实际效果表现为“陪而不审”、“形同虚设”,因而有学者主张应当直接废除人民陪审制。那既然是“陪”审,出现这种现象倒也不奇怪,毕竟还有主审的职业法官在,其弊端是最多降低诉讼效率。那么,西方所谓民主、法治国家,尤其是美国,其联邦
宪法规定的“Jury”制度也是一种人民“陪”着审的制度吗?“Jury”的历史背景为何?美国联邦宪法规范的究竟是怎样的一种“Jury”审判方式?对“Jury”的翻译或者说定义究竟有否误读?下文通过对这些问题的规范性探究,笔者相信能得出一个科学、理性的“Jury”之真实概念。