利益:权利的价值维度(三)
The benefits:The value linked degree of the right
征汉年
【摘要】利益是权利的灵魂,也是解开权利之谜的“钥匙”,权利的直接本质是利益,即权利的本质形式是权利的利益属性。对于主体的权利要求来说,利益是第一性的,主体的自由意志选择行为是由利益决定的,利益是主体自由活动的内在推动力。在权利中,利益既(主要)指物质利益,又包括精神上的利益即道义。道义要求或道德上的要求也是权利的基础之一,并往往以所谓“应有权利”的形式存在和出现,其进一步发展就会成为“现有权利”或“法定权利”。权利之本质为法律所保护的利益,凡依法律归属于个人的利益,无论是物质的还是精神的,即为权利。
The benefits are the soul of the right, and " key " to the mystery which finds a clue to the right too, the direct essence of the right is benefits, namely the essential form of the right is the benefits attribute of the right. To claim of the subject, the benefits are primary, choose the behavior to be decided by benefits in free will of the subject , the benefits are the inherence motive force of the free activity of subject . In the right, the behavior of the benefits has materiality, it is not materiality that include too. Benefits point material benefits , include spiritual benefits namely morality and justice (main ). Morality and justice require or demand of morals foundation of right one of too , exist and appear by so-called form that " should have rights " often, it will become " existing right " or " legal right " when developing further. Benefits that the essence of the right is protected by law, all belong to personal benefits in accordance with the law, no matter the material or spiritual one, is a right.
【关键词】利益;权利;经济;本原
Benefits;Right;Economy;Original
【全文】
二、权利中利益的表现形式
在权利中,利益的表现有物质性的,也包括非物质性的。利益既(主要)指物质利益,又包括精神上的利益即道义。道义要求或道德上的要求也是权利的基础之一,并往往以所谓“应有权利”的形式存在和出现,其进一步发展就会成为“现有权利”或“法定权利”。当然这种要求归根到底仍然是由物质利益而决定的。所以任何权利要求都有一定的功利目的,任何权利终归联结着某种利益。并且有的利益是显而易见的,有的则是深藏不露的,但它始终是固定在权利中的实质性要素。一般从权利的表面上看,人们是在追求某种自由行为,而实质上是在追求其背后的某种利益(包括个体生理和心理的某种满足的欲望)。正是某种利益的驱动下,人们才热衷于权利的拥有和行使,才对权利表现出非同寻常的热衷和兴趣,甚至不惜代价予以捍卫。