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It is the fact that the crimes of corruption have been quite serious in China.In accordance with the report of the Supreme People’s Court to the Ninth National People’s Congress of PRC in 1998,it is said that 158,806 economic criminals who committed the crimes of embezzlement and bribery have been tried and sentenced in the people’s court at all levels in the past five years.Of these criminals,39,518 committed the crhnes of embezzlement and bribery with the illegal amount of more than 10,000 Yuan.174 of whom was even involved in the illegal amount of more than one million Yuan and the largest illegal amount reached to the amount as much as 21 millions Yuan.In these corruption,the crimes involving the govermmental officials were also very serious.In these criminals,1,610 were in the governmental position above Division Chief,171 were even Director of Department and 5 were in the level of Minister.Now,the highest official who was criminally punished because of corruption is Chen Xitong,the former Mayor of Beijing Municipality and the Member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China.
The serious situation of corruption has aroused the great care of Chinese government,because the crimes have not only brought serious damages to our country in the economic sense,but also corroded the governmental officials and undermined the reputation and authority of the people’s government.In order to crack down on corruption,the Anti-Corruption Bureau was established in the people’s procuratorate at every levels,whose duties were to directly investigate and bring accusation against corruption.Furthermore,the Chinese legislature passed the revised Criminal Code on March 14,1997.In this new Code,the crime of embezzlement and the crime of bribery were put in a special chapter which includes 15 articles.Its derailed regulation should improve the operative ability of the law and strengthen the enforcement to struggle with corruption.
Through investigation,we have found that there are three distinct types of corruption at the present time in China.
The first type of corruption was committed by misusing the governmental power the criminals held.Criminals make use of the public power authorized on them to“sell or buy”the official positions.The officials in different working units or positions dared to work together to appropriate illegal goods.Some even take the interests during mediations and put them into their own pocket.
The second type of corruption was committed by misusing the means of money.Criminals misuse theft economic privilege in the market and make big money by bribing government officials,so that they are able to commit crimes of smuggling,speculations,and evading taxes.
The third type of corruption was that kind of crimes committed in the time just before retirement.Some governmental officiaisthink that it is their last opportunity to grasp something for themselves,because they will lose power,i.e.,lose everything,when they are retired.The official in this stage could commit very serious crime of bribery and embezzlement.
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