Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the
　guidance of Marxist-Leninist thought and Mao Zedong thouqht,
　the Chinese people of all ethnic origins will continue to adhere to
　the people’s democratic dictatorship and the socialist road,to
　steadily improve the socialist institutions,to develop socialist
　democracy，and to improve the socialist legal system.
　2.People’s Court independently exercises iudicial authority according to law.
　The Constitution of the P.R.of China clearly defines that the people’s courts Shall exercise judicial power independently,in accordance with the provi- sions of the law，and is not subject to interference by any administrative organ，public organization or individual.This constrtutional principle quaran- tees that each court is independent in the investigation and verification of a case and in the maintenance of fairness,which means no legal interference by any individual.With regard to the opposing party’s claims，only the judi- cial organs have the authority to evaluate the merit of claims,based on the verification of facts relating to specific case.The target of a trial is not only to assist the disputing side who wins the trial,but to safeguard the victim and publicly punish the harm-doer with“the sword of law”,all of which is for the purpose of maintaining justice and legal fairness.A trial should be based on the facts in a case，and a leal judgment made regarding whether and to what degree an act injures society.Punishing wrong-doers,safeguarding good and honest people，protecting society，maintaining peace and stability in the country，all of these are the main goals of for the courts and no party’S claim can bias a judicial organ.
　3.Dialectics in judicial operations
　Judges representing the state judicial organ exercise judicial authority，make realistic legal judgments upon the different claims presented by opposing parties in a fair，equal and honest manner.To meet these targets,judqes ought to take direct measures to investigate the facts and prevent any possible bias in their judgment.Judges should listen to evidences in public, avoid listening to only one side of the dispute and accept supervision by the masses.On the other hand,when declining the case after evaluation of the case，judges should think independently and make their own influences.To avoid being affected by outside factors,decisions should be made in private.This is the basis and reason why public trial Should combine with secret decision making.

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