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The similar conditions exist in other sector too and the circumstances in some sectors are even worse. Therefore introducing PSOs of EC into China will have practical significance. Research of this project should be based on the similarity and differentiation between EC and China. According to my current abilities it is a hard work but I will try my best ever afterwards.
【注释】 See, Piet-Jan Slot, Competition and Public Service Obligations: The Example of Energy Sector, Current and Future Perspectives on EC Competition Law, Kluwer Law International 1997, P. 119.
See, Brussels, 21.5.2003 COM (2003) 270 final, Para 19.
See, Brussels, 21.5.2003 COM (2003) 270 final, Para 20.
See, Samuelson, P.A., The Theory of Public Expenditure, Review of Economics and Statistics, November, 1954.
See, Zhu Boming, Public Economics, Zhejiang University Press, P. 43.
See, Tony Prosser, Law and the Regulators, Clarendon Press Oxford, P. 8.
See, Brussels, 21.5.2003 COM (2003) 270 final, Para 50.
But this argument is problematic. The concept of universal service obligations was developed from telecommunication sector which is mostly different from other sectors. Telecommunication sector is famous for its highly changed technology and some economists even thought it is not natural monopoly. So transplant of the concept into other sectors is lack of comparability. Consequently, I suspect the extent of significance of universal service obligations in public service obligations. See, Raymond L. Gifford and Adam Peters, Principle for Texas Communications Law, Periodic Commentaries on the Policy Debate, Release 10.25 December 2003
See, Gao Peiyong and Cui Jun, Economics of Public Service, Renmin University of China Press, P. 4.
See, Edwin Mansfield, Microeconomics, Renmin University of China Press, P. 295.
Pure national monopoly means the conception of traditional economics above.
See, Tony Prosser, Law and the Regulators, Clarendon Press Oxford, P. 8.William Sharkey, The Theory of Natural Monopoly, 1982.
The average cost has been in dispute and I will discuss it in the following.
Reasonable price not affordable price is used here because affordable price more emphasizes on social rations.
See, William Sharkey, the theory of natural monopoly, 1982.
See, Mark J. Jamison, A Further Look at Proper Cost Test for Natural Monopoly, http://www/cba.ufl.edu/econ/purc/mjamison.htm.
See, Ogus, A., Regulation: Legal Form and Economic Theory, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994, P. 48-51.
See, Tony Prosser, Law and the Regulators, Clarendon Press Oxford, P. 17.
See, Brussels, 21.5.2003 COM (2003) 270 final, Para 70.
See, Case C-393/92, Municipality of Almelo versus Energiebedrijf IJsselmij NV, ] ECR I-1477.
This argument may not accord tightly with logical positivism. But it is a fact that there are few competitive sectors in public service, which allows little possibility for market entry. So the great mass of Community’ activities are emphasized on obligations of competition and society. It should be studied by more cases to get a reasonable conclusion.
See, Koen Nomden, Reconciling Liberaliztion and Public Service Obligations.
See, Piet-Jan Slot, Competition and Public Service Obligations: The Example of Energy Sector, Current and Future Perspectives on EC Competition Law, Kluwer Law International 1997, P. 119.
See, Ioannis Kessides and Robert D. Willig, Reform Regulations in Railway Sector for Public Interest, Dec. 2003.
See, Reform in China: Promoting Competition, Summary and Recommendations of an OECD/DRC Seminar on Rail Reform In Beijing 28-29 January 2002.
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