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See Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Pub. L. No. 103-465, 108 State. 4809 (1994)
See GATT, supra note 2.
See Congressman Robert W. Kasenmeieier & David Beier, “ International Trade and Intellectual Property: Promise, Risks, and Reality, 22 Vand. J. Transnat’l L. 285, 286-87 (1989) (recounting how the issue of intellectual property came to be included in the Uruguay Round).
See Assafa Endeshaw, “ A Critical Assessment of the U.S. – China Conflict on Intellectual Property” , 6 Alb. L. J. Sci. & Tech. 295, (1996).
See James Boyle, Shamans, Software & Spleens: Law and the Construction of Information Society 2 (1996) (“ The protection of information ‘value-added’ in products is one of the key elements in the foreign policy of the developed world. Intellectual property-has become a major area of international concern.” )
See Yuan zhenfu, “ Intellectual Property system: competition between interest and emotion” , 12 Modern Legal Study, at 86, Beijing,( 2001), (in Chinese).
Brad L. Bacon, “ The People’s Republic of China and the World Trade Organization: Anticipating a United States Congressional Dilemma” , 9 MINN. J. GLOBAL TRADE 369, 369 (2000).
See World Trade Organization, 1 Y.B. Int’l Org. (Union of International Associations) 1645.
The signing parties to the WTO Agreements are referred to as Members. See Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Apr. 15, 1994, 33 I.L.M. 1140 (1994), art. 2(1)
See 1 WTO Ann. Rep. 94 (1997)
See Rt. Hon. Denzil Davies, The World Trade Organization and GATT “ 94: A Guide To The New International Economic Law 10 (1995).
See Adrian Otten & Hannu Wager, Compliance with TRIPS: The Emerging World View, 29 Vand. J. Transnat’l L. 391, 393-94 (1996).Otten and Wager argue that the other two important components that form the base of the WTO are trade in goods and trade in services.
See Raj Bhala, International Trade Law 85 (1996), at 991-92
See Robert J. Gutowski, The Marriage of Intellectual Property and International Trade in the TRIPS Agreement: Strange Bedfellows or a Match Made in Heaven?, 47 BUFF. L. REV. 713, 714 (1999) at 724-25.
See Marc D. Latman, Note, China’s Continued Failures to Enforce its Intellectual Property Agreements, 34 Indep. Int’l L.J. 6-7 (1996). at 13.
See Richard O. Cunningham, Dispute Settlement in the WTO: Did We Get What the United States Wants Or Did We Give Up The Only Remedy That Really Worked? at 549 (PLI Com. L. & Prac. Course Handbook Series No. 722, 1995).
See i.d.
See Richard J. Ansson, International Intellectual Property Rights, The United States, and the People’s Republic of China, 13 TEMP. INT’L & COMP. L.J. 1, 23 (1999).
See TRIPS, supra note 1, art. 1(1)
See Gutowski, supra note 53, at 724-25.
2001, Copyright Law of People’s Republic of China is available at http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo_English/flfg_e/xgfg_e/200204160012.htm.
1993 COPYRIGHT LAW, supra note 20, art. 2
2001 Copyright Law, supra note 60, article 2.
See i.d, article 3(3).
See i.d, article 3(4).
See i.d, article 3(8).
See i.d. article 21.
See i.d. article 10(5); also see TRIPS Agreement, supra note 1, article 14(2).
See i.d., article 22(3).
See i.d., article 22(1)-(12).
TRIPS Agreement, supra note 1, art. 14. “ Neighboring rights,”or “ ’rights neighboring on copyright,’“refer to “ ’the rights of performing artists in their performances, the rights of producers of phonograms . . . in their phonograms, and the rights of broadcasting organisations in their radio and television programs.’“
TRIPS Agreement, supra note 1, art. 11.
See J.H. Reichman, The TRIPS Component of the GATT’s Uruguay Round: Competitive Prospects for Intellectual Property Owners in an Integrated World Market, 4 FORDHAM INTELL. PROP., MEDIA & ENT. L.J. 171, 216-17 n.176 (1993), Reichman notes that this is the first time a concept of “ material injury”has been read into intellectual property rights law.
TRIPS Agreement, supra note 1, art. 14(4).
2001,Trademark Law of People’s Republic of China, is available at http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo_English/flfg_e/xgfg_e/200204160013.htm.
See Dong Baolin, “ Thoughts on the Second Revision of the Chinese Trademark Law.”China Patents & Trademarks, No. 2, 1999, at 38.also see Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China, China Trademark Office, 1992.
76 See supra note 74, art 13, 14 and 41.
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Uruguay Round, Art. 15(1), at www/Urebalaw.com/gatttext/htm, art 4(4).
See D Weild & H.L Zhang, “ China’s IP law revisited to prepare for WTO entry”May ,The National Law Journal,(2000)
2001, Trademark Law, art 32,33,34,43,49
See i.d., art 16.
2000 Patent Law of People’s Republic of China is available at http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo_English/flfg_e/zlflfg_e/200203270002.htm.
See Edward E. Lehman, “ China’s patent law: step closer to TRIPS.”8 Corporate Counsel, at16, (2001)
See 2000 Patent Law, article 6.
See Zheng, Supra note 14, at 223.
See 2000 Patent Law, article 11.
See i.d., article 48-50.
See Thomas T. Moga, “ China changes Patent Law to comply with TRIPS” , The National Law Journal, (2001).
See i.d.
See TRIPS Agreement, supra note 1.
See Justice Cheng Yong-Shun, “ Judical Protection of IP in China” , 9 Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, at 267.
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