3、改革证人出庭作证制度,建立强制证人出庭作证制度。科学的审判方式和质证程序的特点在于当事人在庭审中有机会对所有证据予以积极主动的核实和对质。这就要求证人要出庭作证并接受当事人的质询。证人出庭难一直是我国民事诉讼中的一大问题,究其原因,立法的不完善是根源所在。
民事诉讼法对如何强制证人出庭、证人拒不出庭的法律后果、证人权益的保障等都未作具体规定,导致司法实践中对不出庭的证人进行处理没有法律依据,得不到国家强制力的保障。除此之外,传统的职权主义审判方式也在一定程度上卸载了证人出庭作证的义务。传统审判方式中,法官包揽证据的收集,庭下调查并认证的做法很普遍,因而庭审功能没有得到应有的重视和发挥。在此情况下,证人不出庭,法官也可以在庭外向证人询问有关情况,而证言的认定由法官把握,当事人没有机会也没有必要在法庭上当面对证言进行对质。这种做法违背了诉讼公开和直接言词原则,不利于调动当事人参与诉讼的主动性,也不利于发现案件事实。为适应审判方式改革,完善质证制度,建立强制证人出庭制度和证人罚则是必要的。同时,为保障证人权益,应建立证人权益保障制度,对证人因出庭而遭受的经济损失应当予以相应补偿,对证人的人身安全也应予以保护,预防和严惩对证人的打击报复行为。
Analysis on the Problems of the Cross-examination
FENG Hui, ZHU Zai-zhao
(Graduate Department,China University of Politic-Sciense and Law,Beijing100008,China ;
Luoyang Tabacco Monopoly Bureau,Luoyang471000,China)
Abstract: Cross-examination is an important work in the reformed civil trial. It has a great role in safeguarding the parties’ rights, keeping fair trial, and promoting the reform of civil procedure and evidentiary system. In order to construct and improve cross-examination procedure, it is necessary to discuss the body of cross-examination, the object of cross-examination, the choice in the different types of cross-examination procedure, and the design of the concrete procedure.
Key words: Cross-examination, the body of cross-examination, the object of cross-examination, the type of procedure, the guarantee of procedure