法律解释方式:从司法解释到判例
赵 岩
【全文】
法律解释方式:从司法解释到判例
赵 岩*
[关键词] 法律;司法;解释;判例
[摘 要] 由于成文法具有一定的缺陷,法律需要通过解释才能对现实发生作用。而解释法律的职能往往为司法机关所承担。司法机关对案件的判决,可以弥补成文法的不足并产生新的权利。判决的这种功能需要有一种能够使判决相对稳定的制度来支持,而中国现行的司法解释不能完成这一使命,因此需要引进判例制度。英美法系与大陆法系都存在着判例制度,通过判例与成文法的互补,使法律解释以一种更贴近现实的方式进行,使法律的稳定性和灵活性能够得到有机的统一。
The way of Legal Interpretation: From Judicial Interpretation to Precedent
Zhao Yan
Key Words: law ; justice; interpretation; precedent
Abstract: On account of defects of statute law, law needs to be interpreted when it is to act on the reality. The role legal interpretation is usually played by judicial authorities and judgements by judicial authorities can make up for the defects of statute law as well as engender new rights. This function of judgements calls for the support of a system which can make judgements comparatively stable. The current judicial interpretation in China is unable to fulfill this task, and the introduction to case law is necessary .Case law exists both in Common Law and in Civil Law, where legal interpretation is made in a way more close to the reality by means of the cooperation of case law and statute law. In this way ,the stability and flexibility of law is harmonized.
近些年来,中国为使自己的法律制度走向完善,一直在向大陆法系和英美法系学习借鉴其基本原则、具体制度。其中,英美法系的判例制度也引起了法学界的关注。中国是否需要引进判例制度?判例制度对中国现实的意义有哪些?这些问题法学界的许多学者都进行了热烈而又广泛的讨论,其中,北京大学的汪建成教授在《烟台大学学报》2000年第1期上发表的《对判例法的几点思考》一文将这一问题的讨论推向了一个新的阶段,读后颇受启发。但是作为学生,笔者却不想盲从老师的学术观点,试图从法律解释的角度来谈谈对判例制度的看法,以期引起一定的理论争鸣。